Fairfield, Connecticut
Fairfield |
— Town — |
Aerial view of Fairfield |
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Location in Fairfield County, Connecticut |
Coordinates: |
Country |
United States |
NECTA |
Bridgeport-Stamford |
Region |
Greater Bridgeport |
Settled |
1639 |
Government |
• Type |
Representative Town Meeting (RTM) |
• First Selectman |
Michael C. Tetreau (D) |
• Selectmen |
Cristin McCarthy-Vahey (D)
James F. Walsh (R) |
• Board of Education Chair |
John Mitola (D) |
• Board of Finance Chair |
Thomas Flynn (R) |
• RTM Moderator |
Jeffrey Steele (R) |
Area |
• Total |
31.3 sq mi (81.1 km2) |
• Land |
30.0 sq mi (77.8 km2) |
• Water |
1.3 sq mi (3.4 km2) |
Elevation |
59 ft (18 m) |
Population (2010) |
• Total |
59,404 |
• Density |
1,927/sq mi (744/km2) |
Time zone |
Eastern (UTC-5) |
• Summer (DST) |
Eastern (UTC-4) |
ZIP code |
06824
06825
06828 (General Electric)
06890 (Southport)
(formerly 06430, 06432, 06431, 06490, respectively) |
Area code(s) |
203 |
FIPS code |
09-26620 |
GNIS feature ID |
0213429 |
Website |
http://www.fairfieldct.org/ |
Fairfield is a town located in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It is bordered by the towns of Bridgeport, Trumbull, Easton, Redding and Westport along the Gold Coast of Connecticut. As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 59,404.[1] In July 2006, Money magazine ranked Fairfield the ninth "best place to live" in the United States, and the best place to live in the Northeast.[2]
History
Colonial era
In 1635, Puritans and Congregationalists in the Massachusetts Bay Colony dissatisfied with the rate of Anglican reforms sought to establish an ecclesiastical society subject to their own rules and regulations. The Massachusetts General Court granted them permission to settle the towns of Windsor, Wethersfield, and Hartford in the area now known as Connecticut.
On January 14, 1639, a set of legal and administrative regulations called the Fundamental Orders was adopted, and established Connecticut as a self-ruled entity. By 1639 these settlers had started new towns in the surrounding areas. Roger Ludlow, framer of the Fundamental Orders, purchased the land presently Fairfield, and established the name.
According to historian John M. Taylor: "Early in 1639 the General Court granted a commission to Ludlow to begin a plantation at Pequannocke. He was on that errand, with a few others from Windsor, afterwards joined by immigrants from Watertown and Concord. He bought a large tract of land from the Pequannocke sachems, - afterwards greatly enlarged by other purchases to the westward,- and recalling the attractive region beyond (Uncoa), which he had personally seen on the second Pequot expedition, he also “set down” there, having purchased the territory embraced in the present town of Fairfield, to which he gave its name."[3]
Towns created from Fairfield
Fairfield was one of the two principal settlements of the Connecticut Colony in southwestern Connecticut (the other was Stratford). The town line with Stratford was set in May 1661 by John Banks, an early Fairfield settler, Richard Olmstead, and Lt. Joseph Judson, who were appointed as a committee by the Colony of Connecticut.[4] The town line with Norwalk was not set until May 1685.[5]
Over time, it gave rise to several new towns that broke off and incorporated separately. The following is a list of towns created from parts of Fairfield.
Revolutionary War
When the Revolutionary War began in the 1770s, Fairfielders were caught in the crisis as much as, if not more than, the rest of their neighbors in Connecticut. In a predominantly Tory section of the state, the people of Fairfield were early supporters of the cause for independence. Throughout the war, a constant battle was being fought across Long Island Sound as men from British-controlled Long Island raided the coast in whaleboats and privateers. Gold Selleck Silliman, whose home still stands on Jennings Road, was put in charge of the coastal defenses.
In the spring of 1779, he was kidnapped from his home by Tory forces in preparation for a British raid on Fairfield County. His wife watched from their home as, on the morning of July 7, 1779, approximately 2,000 enemy troops landed on Fairfield Beach near Pine Creek Point and proceeded to invade the town. When they left the following evening, the entire town lay in ruins, burned to the ground as punishment for Fairfield's support of the rebel cause. Ten years later, President George Washington noted after traveling through Fairfield that "the destructive evidences of British cruelty are yet visible both in Norwalk and Fairfield; as there are the chimneys of many burnt houses standing in them yet."[6]
Fairfield recovered slowly from the burning, but soon after the end of the war its houses and public buildings had all been rebuilt.
Twentieth century
World War I brought Fairfield out of its agrarian past by triggering an unprecedented economic boom in Bridgeport, the center of a large munitions industry. The prosperity created a housing shortage in the city, and many of the workers looked to Fairfield to build their homes. The trolley and later the automobile made the countryside accessible to these newly rich members of the middle class, who brought with them new habits, new attitudes, and new modes of dress. The prosperity lasted through the twenties.
By the time of the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the population had increased to 17,000 from the 6,000 it had been just before the war. Even during the Depression, the town kept growing.
The grounding of a barge with two crewmen on Penfield Reef in Fairfield during a gale led to the first civilian helicopter hoist rescue in history, on November 29, 1945. The helicopter flew from the nearby Sikorsky Aircraft plant in Bridgeport.
Fairfield is the home of the corporate headquarters of General Electric (GE), one of the world's largest companies.
The opening of the Connecticut Turnpike in the 1950s brought another wave of development to Fairfield, and by the 1960s the town's residential, suburban character was firmly established.
Fairfield, Connecticut |
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Postcard from 1932 showing bathers at Fairfield Beach
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Historical Postcard of the Tide Mill Tavern
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Fairfield's Burr Homestead in a 1938 photo
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Pequot Library in Southport, 1966
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Southport Congregational Church, 1966
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Historical Woodcut from c1840 Showing Old Town Hall and Town Green
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Trinity Church in Southport, 1966
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Penfield Reef Lighthouse is located in the Long Island Sound off the coast of Fairfield Beach
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Government
The town government consists of the three-member Board of Selectmen, a Representative Town Meeting (RTM), a Board of Finance, a Board of Education, a Planning and Zoning Commission (TPZ), and many other politically appointed commissions, boards, and committees. The current First Selectman is Michael Tetreau (D).
The town has no criminal or civil court system and all trials are held and handled by the Bridgeport Superior Court system.
Education
Fairfield has two public high schools, Fairfield Warde and Fairfield Ludlowe; three public middle schools, Roger Ludlowe, Tomlinson, and Fairfield Woods Middle School; and eleven public elementary schools.
Fairfield has several Catholic schools, including two high schools, Fairfield Prep and Notre Dame, and two primary schools, St. Thomas Aquinas and Our Lady of the Assumption. A third Catholic primary school, Holy Family, was closed by the Diocese of Bridgeport at the end of 2009-2010 academic year.
Non-religious private schools include Fairfield Country Day School and the Unquowa School.
Fairfield is also home to two post-secondary institutions, Fairfield University and Sacred Heart University.
Geography
The town is on the shore of the Long Island Sound. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 31.3 square miles (81 km2), of which 30.0 square miles (78 km2) is land and 3.4 square kilometres (1.3 sq mi), or 4.15%, is water. The Mill River, the waters of which feed Lake Mohegan, flows through the town.
Fairfield consists of many neighborhoods. The best known are wealthy Southport, where General Electric Chief Executive Officer Jack Welch lived for many years, and Greenfield Hill, with its large areas, famous dogwood trees, and picturesque green with its white-spired Congregational church. Other well established neighborhoods include Stratfield, Tunxis Hill, the University area, Grasmere, Mill Plain, Knapp's Village, Melville Village, Holland Hill, and the Fairfield Beach area, which has recently undergone a renaissance with the construction of many new homes by residents wishing to live in proximity to the beach and downtown.[7] Two shopping districts in town include the Post Road (U.S. 1) and Black Rock Turnpike.
Neighborhoods
Points of interest
Historic sites
Other points of interest
Large and distinctive companies
Media
Places of worship
Arts and entertainment
- The Fairfield Community Theatre Foundation or the FTC, not only runs the downtown, two-screen moviehouse for independent and second-run films, but operates educational programs for young people who also volunteer at the moviehouse.
- The Regina A. Quick Center for the Arts on the campus of Fairfield University opened in 1990 and includes events such as popular and classical music, dance, theatre, programs for young audiences, and the Open VISIONS Forum lecture series featuring present eminent opinion-makers, artists, authors, learned contributors to the humanities and sciences and civic and political commentators. It houses the 740-seat Kelley Theatre, the 150-seat Lawrence A. Wien Experimental (Black Box) Theatre, and the Thomas J. Walsh, Jr. Art Gallery. The Quick Center has become known as one of the finest concert halls in the country and was recognized as the "cultural epicenter of Fairfield County" by Westport Magazine.
- The PepsiCo Theatre, a renovated 1922 carriage house on the campus of Fairfield University, is the home to the Theatre Program of the Department of Visual and Performing Arts and Theater Fairfield, the resident production company of the University. The PepsiCo Theatre is also home to Shakespeare Ventures, a professional theatre company.
- WSHU-FM Public Radio operated by Sacred Heart University
- WVOF, student-run radio at Fairfield University
- The Gazebo, right across from Victoria's Secret, is home to many bands that play during the summer in the afternoon hours. Free to listen, along with free food and drinks it is an ideal place for entertainment, though it is usually directed towards an older audience.
Recreation
Fairfield residents enjoy a wealth of recreational opportunities, many of which stem from Fairfield's enviable location on the Long Island Sound.
- The town's 5 miles (8 km) of Long Island Sound coastline include five town beaches which are staffed by lifeguards during the summer, and miles of privately owned beach which are open to the public below the high tide mark.
- South Benson Marina is a town-owned facility providing 600 boat slips which residents can rent for the summer.[11]
- Lake Mohegan, which includes waterfalls called The Cascades, is a popular destination for hiking, as are the Fairfield Audubon Society and the Bird Sanctuary.
- Ye Yacht Yard, a town-owned facility on picturesque Southport Harbor, provides boat launch services to residents, and access to moorings in Southport Harbor. Ye Yacht Yard is also the location of Community Sailing of Fairfield, whose members share use of two 18-foot sailboats.
Transportation
Fairfield is traversed by U.S. 1, Interstate 95, and the Merritt Parkway. It has three Metro-North Railroad stations, Fairfield Metro, Fairfield and Southport. The town is served by several public bus lines of the Greater Bridgeport Transit Authority.
Demographics
As of the census[12] of 2010, there are 59,404 people in the town, organized into 20,457 households and 14,846 families. The population density is 1,927 people per square mile (744/km²). There are 21,648 housing units at an average density of 703 per square mile (277/km²). The racial makeup of the town is 91.6% White, 3.7% Asian, 1.8% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.2% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. 5.0% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There are 20,457 households out of which 38.3% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.6% are married couples living together, 9.1% have a female householder with no husband present, and 27.4% are non-families. 22.3% of all households are made up of individuals and 15.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.69 and the average family size is 3.19.
In the town the population is spread out with 25.4% under the age of 18, 11.1% from 18 to 24, 21.1% from 25 to 44, 27.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 40 years. For every 100 females there are 90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 85.6 males.
The median income for a household in the town is $83,512, and the median income for a family is $100,920 (these figures had risen to $103,352 and $121,749 respectively as of a 2007 estimate[13]). Males have a median income of $69,525 versus $44,837 for females. The per capita income for the city is $43,670. 2.9% of the population and 1.8% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 2.8% of those under the age of 18 and 3.6% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.
Fairfield is notable for, among other things, its very low crime rate. There have been only three murders in the last five years in town. Money Magazine's 2006 Best Places to Live Survey ranks Fairfield as the second safest municipality in the United States. [1]
Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of October 26, 2010[14] |
Party |
Active Voters |
Inactive Voters |
Total Voters |
Percentage |
|
Republican |
10,650 |
395 |
11,045 |
29.41% |
|
Democratic |
10,309 |
425 |
10,734 |
28.58% |
|
Unaffiliated |
14,890 |
779 |
15,669 |
41.72% |
|
Minor Parties |
112 |
1 |
113 |
0.3% |
Total |
35,961 |
1,600 |
37,561 |
100% |
Popular culture
The following movies were at least partially filmed in Fairfield:[15]
- All Good Things (2010)
- Everybody's Fine (2009)
- Red Light Green Light (2009)
- College Road Trip (2008)
- Just Like It Was (2008)
- The Power of Their Song: The Untold Story of Latin America's New Song Movement (2008)
- Rachel Getting Married (2008)
- Revolutionary Road (2008)
- Bobby Dogs (2007)
- Reservation Road (2007)
- Messenger (2006/II)
- Live at the Quick (2002)
- More Than Skin Deep (2002)
- BlackMale (2000)
- Robbie the Rabbit (1998)
- Attack of the Beast Creatures (1985)
- Dragonfly (1976)
- The Stepford Wives (1975)
Television filmed in Fairfield
- Oprah Winfrey Presents: Mitch Albom's For One More Day (2007)
- ROH World Champion: The Best of Samoa Joe (2004)
- ROH: The Conclusion (2003)
- Learning How To Assert Yourself: With Billy Donatuti (2006)
Other
- The television sitcom Who's the Boss? took place in Fairfield. In certain episodes, particular streets and Bridgeport were mentioned. A lead character, Tony, attended Fairfield University and wore an official Fairfield University sweatshirt during one episode.
- An episode of the Food Network show Rachael Ray's Block Party was filmed in Fairfield, as were portions of several episodes of Ham on the Street.
- On January 29, 2009, Stephen Colbert mentioned Archie Moore's Restaurant's wing sauce spill on his show The Colbert Report.
- Fairfield is the fictional location of the Bureau for Paranormal Research and Defense in the Hellboy graphic novel series.
Notable residents
- William Burnett Benton (1900–1973), former U.S. Senator[16]
- Leonard Bernstein (1918–1990), conductor, composer, musician[17]
- James Blake (b.1979), professional tennis player[18]
- Julius Boros (1920–1994), professional golfer, winner of 18 PGA tour events including the 1952 & 1963 U.S. Open (golf) and 1968 PGA Championship was born in Fairfield.[19]
- Aaron Burr, Sr. (1716–1757), native, clergyman, educator, and father of Vice President Aaron Burr[20]
- John Byrne (b.1950) comic book artist & author.[21]
- Susan Cooper (b.1935) author of the acclaimed children's sequence The Dark Is Rising.[22]
- Hume Cronyn, actor[23]
- Michael J. Daly (1924–2008), World War II Medal of Honor recipient[24]
- T. F. Gilroy Daly, attorney and Federal judge born and raised in Fairfield.[25]
- C. Douglas Dillon, Sec of US Treasury, Amb to France, lived in Fairfield c. 2002-2003
- David L. Downie, author and professor of politics and environment policy at Fairfield University
- Keir Dullea, actor[26]
- Dick Durrell (1925–2008) a founder of People Magazine adjunct professor at Sacred Heart University.[27]
- Timothy Dwight IV (1752–1817), American Congregationalist minister, theologian, educator, and author; president of Yale College was a pastor for twelve years at the Greenfield Hill Church.[28]
- Chris Frantz and Tina Weymouth, founding members of Talking Heads and Tom Tom Club.[29]
- Robert Greenberger (born 1958), writer, editor and Fairfield politician.[30][31]
- J. J. Henry, PGA golfer & 2006 Ryder Cup team member.[32]
- Paul Hogan, aka "Crocodile Dundee", lived many years in Fairfield with wife Linda Kozlowski
- Don Imus, radio personality, past resident in Southport[33]
- Eliot A. Jardines, Assistant Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Open source intelligence
- Oliver Burr Jennings, Exxon (Standard Oil) Founder
- Pat Jordan, leading sports writer and acclaimed author of A False Spring, ranked #37 on Sports Illustrated's Top 100 Sports Books of All Time
- Linda Kozlowski, actress, born in Fairfield (1958).[34]
- David LaChapelle, born in Fairfield, renowned photographer and director
- Jonathan Lewis, biomedical researcher, cancer drug developer
- Justin Long, actor and native.[35]
- Roger Ludlow, town founder
- John Mayer, Grammy-winning singer-songwriter [36]
- Brian Monahan, US Navy Rear Admiral and Attending Physician of the United States Congress[37]
- Matt Morgan, professional wrestler, American Gladiator and actor[38]
- Anne M. Mulcahy, Chairman, Xerox Corporation
- Charles Nagy, former MLB baseball pitcher for the Cleveland Indians.[39]
- Joe Namath, New York Jets quarterback and sport commentator, past resident
- Henry Fairfield Osborn, (1857–1935) geologist, paleontologist, eugenicist, and a native.[40]
- Jason Robards, actor. Lived in Southport.[41]
- Meg Ryan, actress. Born in Fairfield (1961).[42]
- Chris Sarandon and Joanna Gleason, actors[43]
- Gold Selleck Silliman, Revolutionary War general[44]
- Howard Sosin, founder of AIG Financial Products, presently investor
- Gene Tierney, actress, Tierney cottage just off Sasco Hill
- Brian Torff, jazz musician, composer, head of Fairfield University's music program
- Raviv Ullman, star of Phil of the Future[45]
- Franco Ventriglia, opera singer and a native
- Robert Penn Warren, author and poet[46]
- Michael Weatherly, actor and a native, currently starring as Special Agent Anthony DiNozzo in the hit CBS series, NCIS.[47]
- Jack Welch, former CEO of General Electric, former town resident[48]
- Bob Wright, former chairman of NBC for 20 years
- Mabel Osgood Wright, author & founder of the Connecticut Audubon Society (Birdcraft Museum in Fairfield).[49]
References
- ^ "Race, Hispanic or Latino, Age, and Housing Occupancy: 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File (QT-PL), Fairfield town, Connecticut". U.S. Census Bureau, American FactFinder 2. http://factfinder2.census.gov. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
- ^ Money Magazine Best Places to Live, 2006 Retrieved on March 11, 2008
- ^ Taylor, John M., Roger Ludlow the Colonial Lawmaker, 1900, Google Book Search, Retrieved May 27, 2008
- ^ Colonial Records of Connecticut Vol. 1 p. 367
- ^ Colonial Records of Connecticut Vol. 3 p. 175
- ^ Washington, George. (1860). The Diary of George Washington, from 1789 to 1791: Embracing the Opening of the First Congress.... A.D.F. Randolph & Co. p. 21. Google Book Search. Retrieved on March 11, 2008
- ^ Prevost, Lisa (July 3, 2005)."LIVING IN/The Fairfield, Conn., Beach Area; A Beach Community in an Awkward Transition, The New York Times"
- ^ Fairfield Online News
- ^ Fairfield Citizen-News
- ^ Fairfield Sun
- ^ Prevost, Lisa (July 3, 2005)."LIVING IN/The Fairfield, Conn., Beach Area; A Beach Community in an Awkward Transition", The New York Times
- ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-context=adp&-qr_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_DP3YR3&-ds_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_&-tree_id=3307&-redoLog=false&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=06000US0900126620&-format=&-_lang=en
- ^ {{cite web|title = Registration and Party Enrollment Statistics as of October 26, 2010 | publisher = Connecticut Secretary of State | format = PDF | accessdate = 2011-09-29 | url = http://www.sots.ct.gov/sots/lib/sots/electionservices/registration_and_enrollment_stats/2010_registration_and_enrollment_statistics.pdf
- ^ http://www.imdb.com/List?endings=on&&locations=Fairfield,%20Connecticut,%20USA&&heading=18;with+locations+including;Fairfield,%20Connecticut,%20USA
- ^ Benton, William - Biographical Information
- ^ Dixon, Ken, "Music Hall of Fame proposed for state ", article in Connecticut Post in Bridgeport, Connecticut, April 26, 2007 ("Leonard Bernstein, a longtime Fairfield resident")
- ^ James Blake bio
- ^ http://www.worldgolfhalloffame.org/hof/member.php?member=1026
- ^ RootsWeb's WorldConnect Project: RJHARMOR
- ^ http://www.byrnerobotics.com/FAQ/listing.asp?ID=1&T1=Who+Is+John+Byrne%3F
- ^ http://authors.simonandschuster.com/Susan-Cooper/706255/biography
- ^ http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=7583367
- ^ http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=28540357
- ^ Holloway, Lynette (July 12, 1996). "T. F. Gilroy Daly, 65, U.S. Judge, Is Dead". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/12/nyregion/t-f-gilroy-daly-65-us-judge-is-dead.html. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
- ^ After 50 Years in Acting, Fully Relaxed in His Craft, New York Times Web page, The New York Times, April 8, 2007, accessed May 21, 2008
- ^ http://www.rlauterborn.com/pubs/pdfs/envy.pdf
- ^ http://web.me.com/greenfieldhillchurch/Site/GHCC_History.html
- ^ http://www.mofflymedia.com/Moffly-Publications/Westport-Magazine/August-2007/Rock-Royalty/
- ^ Canuel, Greg. "Fairfield Candidates' Q&A: Bob Greenberger". The Daily Fairfield. September 28, 2011
- ^ "Robert Greenberger". Crazy 8 Press. accessed October 13, 2011.
- ^ http://www.pgatour.com/players/02/33/53/
- ^ Radomsky, Rosalie R. (October 11, 1992). "If You're Thinking of Living in: Southport". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/11/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-of-living-in-southport.html?pagewanted=1. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
- ^ http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0468957/
- ^ http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0519043/
- ^ John Mayer Bounced from His Alma Mater, people.com, by Stephen M, Silverman, December 27, 2004. Retrieved November 9, 2010
- ^ http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=514
- ^ http://www.onlineworldofwrestling.com/profiles/m/matt-morgan.html
- ^ http://www.fairfieldcountysports.com/hall_of_fame_members/nagy.html
- ^ http://encyclopedia.stateuniversity.com/pages/9831/Henry-Fairfield-Osborn.html
- ^ "Jason Robards, Actor Who Elevated O´Neill, Dies at 78". The New York Times. December 27, 2000. http://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/27/arts/27ROBA.html?pagewanted=all. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
- ^ http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000212/bio
- ^ Beautiful Life, Westport/Fairfield Magazine Web page, December, 2008, accessed January 5, 2009
- ^ http://www.connecticutsar.org/patriots/silliman_gold_selleck.htm
- ^ http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0880504/bio
- ^ Robert Penn Warren, Poet and Author, Dies, obituary article, no byline noted on New York Times Web page, The New York Times, September 16, 1989, page 1, accessed February 6, 2007
- ^ http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0915762/bio
- ^ Radomsky, Rosalie R. (October 11, 1992). "If You're Thinking of Living in: Southport". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/11/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-of-living-in-southport.html?pagewanted=1. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
- ^ http://www.cwhf.org/browse_hall/hall/people/wright.php
External links